Portraiture using bounced flash

The big advantage of a flash gun is that is much more compact and portable than studio lights. The problem with flash, if directed straight at the subject, is that it casts very heavy shadows and over brilliant highlights.

Off camera flash units

The harsh nature of flash can be considerably eased if the light is bounced off a reflective surface. The light reaching the subject is so diffused that shadows are softer, and contrast reduced.

If you use a digital SLR, an upmarket digital compact, or just about any 35mm film camera, it will have a "hot shoe" connection for a separate flash unit.

The unit must have the facility for tilting the flash upward, and/or sideways. This allows the flash light to be directed at, and bounced off ceilings and/or walls.

Suitable ceilings and walls

The ceiling or walls used to bounce flash must be white (or light). If they are coloured they will reflect less light, and may colour the flash light (e.g. a red wall will reflect red light).

If a ceiling is used, it is necessary to aim the flash at a point where most of the light will fall on the sitter. This is usually a point nearer to the camera than the subject.

Since most of the light falling on the subject will be coming from above, it's a good idea to use a reflector to ensure that some of the illumination is reflected into the eyes and under the chin. A white card (about 20" x 16") can be placed on the sitter's lap.

If the ceiling is high, it's better to use a wall to bounce the flash off. A reflector can be placed on the other side of the sitter, and towards the front.

A good deal of experimentation will be required to get the set-up right. The unfortunate aspect of 35mm film cameras is that you cannot immediately review the success of your efforts.